Black Swallowtail (Papilio polyxenes)
(c) Heather Pickard, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Heather Pickard · CC BY-NC 4.0 (opens in a new tab) · iNaturalist (opens in a new tab)
Butterflies and mothsIn Montgomery County, Ohio

Black Swallowtail

Papilio polyxenes Fabricius, 1775

Black Swallowtail in all of Ohio
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Arthropoda
Class
Insecta
Genus
Papilio
Near Montgomery County

Range

Where it is recorded

Season shown in 11 of Ohio's 88 counties. Explore Ohio

  • No result yet (9)
  • Recorded, too few records for a result (50)
  • Recorded, season not shown (18)
  • Season shown (11)
Boundaries: U.S. Census Bureau, 2025 Cartographic Boundary Files, 1:500,000. Show as a table
Counties as a table
Black Swallowtail by Ohio county: records and mapped range
CountyRecords
Adams County20 · Recorded, season not shown
Allen County22 · Recorded, season not shown
Ashland CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Ashtabula CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Athens County25 · Recorded, season not shown
Auglaize CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Belmont CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Brown CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Butler County98 · Recorded, season not shown
Carroll CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Champaign CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Clark County48 · Recorded, season not shown
Clermont County58 · Recorded, season not shown
Clinton CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Columbiana CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Coshocton CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Crawford CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Cuyahoga County216 · Season shown
Darke CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Defiance CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Delaware County80 · Recorded, season not shown
Erie County28 · Recorded, season not shown
Fairfield County68 · Recorded, season not shown
Fayette CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Franklin County504 · Season shown
Fulton CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Gallia CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Geauga CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Greene County125 · Recorded, season not shown
Guernsey CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Hamilton County240 · Recorded, season not shown
Hancock County51 · Season shown
Hardin CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Harrison CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Henry CountyNo qualifying records yet
Highland CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Hocking CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Holmes CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Huron CountyNo qualifying records yet
Jackson CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Jefferson CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Knox County56 · Recorded, season not shown
Lake County67 · Season shown
Lawrence CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Licking County94 · Season shown
Logan CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Lorain County57 · Recorded, season not shown
Lucas County164 · Season shown
Madison CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Mahoning CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Marion CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Medina County95 · Season shown
Meigs CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Mercer CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Miami CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Monroe CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Montgomery County190 · Season shown
Morgan CountyNo qualifying records yet
Morrow CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Muskingum CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Noble CountyNo qualifying records yet
Ottawa County33 · Recorded, season not shown
Paulding CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Perry CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Pickaway CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Pike CountyNo qualifying records yet
Portage County31 · Recorded, season not shown
Preble CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Putnam CountyNo qualifying records yet
Richland County28 · Recorded, season not shown
Ross CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Sandusky CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Scioto CountyNo qualifying records yet
Seneca CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Shelby CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Stark County107 · Season shown
Summit County149 · Season shown
Trumbull CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Tuscarawas CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Union CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Van Wert CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Vinton CountyNo qualifying records yet
Warren County48 · Recorded, season not shown
Washington CountyRecorded, too few records for a result
Wayne County71 · Season shown
Williams CountyNo qualifying records yet
Wood County38 · Recorded, season not shown
Wyandot CountyRecorded, too few records for a result

No mapped range from the range source used, the USGS Gap Analysis Project, which maps land vertebrates only.

Season

When it is recorded

In Montgomery County

Late April to early October, middle week Aug 16–22

Show over the bars
Recording in Montgomery County · records of all species each week, 33,949 in all

Records per week from 190 records in 9 of the 10 years from 2016 to 2025. Shows when people recorded it, not how common it is. The grey bars show how many records of all species were made here each week, so you can see when recording itself was high or low; the season is not adjusted by them.

Recorded on 162 dates. Latest record: September 2025.

Show as a table
Records of Black Swallowtail in Montgomery County each week, and records of all species
WeekRecords of Black SwallowtailYears recordedRecords of all species
Jan 4–1000165
Jan 11–170071
Jan 18–2400156
Jan 25–3100194
Feb 1–700127
Feb 8–1400144
Feb 15–2100124
Feb 22–2800137
Mar 1–700122
Mar 8–1400221
Mar 15–2100272
Mar 22–2800269
Mar 29 – Apr 400482
Apr 5–1111674
Apr 12–1811853
Apr 19–2522812
Apr 26 – May 2851,172
May 3–933849
May 10–1600850
May 17–2300880
May 24–30321,224
May 31 – Jun 6651,255
Jun 7–13741,217
Jun 14–20221,247
Jun 21–27331,015
Jun 28 – Jul 464990
Jul 5–11841,130
Jul 12–18441,190
Jul 19–25541,323
Jul 26 – Aug 155961
Aug 2–8741,177
Aug 9–151141,587
Aug 16–222561,241
Aug 23–291761,131
Aug 30 – Sep 51461,299
Sep 6–121681,342
Sep 13–19651,020
Sep 20–2696722
Sep 27 – Oct 385624
Oct 4–1074674
Oct 11–1722557
Oct 18–2411436
Oct 25–3111389
Nov 1–711296
Nov 8–1411279
Nov 15–2100235
Nov 22–2800210
Nov 29 – Dec 50094
Dec 6–120069
Dec 13–190085
Dec 20–2600104
Dec 27 – Jan 200252

Reported as an adult

Usually reported as an adult late April to late September, middle week Aug 16–22.

From 120 records that are marked as adults. Not every photo is marked with a life stage, so this shows when people reported it as an adult, not when adults are about.

Reported as a caterpillar

Usually reported as a caterpillar late July to mid-October, middle week early September. An earlier season is not shown: only 16 records, too few.

In Ohio

Mid-May to early October, middle week Aug 9–15

Show over the bars
Recording in Ohio · records of all species each week, 1,691,199 in all

Records per week from 4,109 records in 10 of the 10 years from 2016 to 2025. Shows when people recorded it, not how common it is. The grey bars show how many records of all species were made here each week, so you can see when recording itself was high or low; the season is not adjusted by them.

Recorded on 1,239 dates. Latest record: December 2025.

Show as a table
Records of Black Swallowtail in Ohio each week, and records of all species
WeekRecords of Black SwallowtailYears recordedRecords of all species
Jan 4–10116,211
Jan 11–17005,146
Jan 18–24114,645
Jan 25–31004,698
Feb 1–7006,023
Feb 8–14005,888
Feb 15–21005,436
Feb 22–28006,846
Mar 1–7118,321
Mar 8–141110,384
Mar 15–210012,620
Mar 22–281113,949
Mar 29 – Apr 41119,661
Apr 5–115426,860
Apr 12–1813539,925
Apr 19–2522841,623
Apr 26 – May 231956,391
May 3–928952,952
May 10–1647753,785
May 17–23611057,698
May 24–30941054,651
May 31 – Jun 681953,099
Jun 7–131111053,700
Jun 14–20771056,625
Jun 21–27891055,361
Jun 28 – Jul 4135958,477
Jul 5–111861061,336
Jul 12–182161064,722
Jul 19–252651069,753
Jul 26 – Aug 12281059,416
Aug 2–8222959,712
Aug 9–15198955,994
Aug 16–222951054,328
Aug 23–293201051,772
Aug 30 – Sep 5312957,167
Sep 6–123081059,075
Sep 13–192371054,543
Sep 20–261981045,860
Sep 27 – Oct 3103943,180
Oct 4–1091937,841
Oct 11–1759930,824
Oct 18–2433821,156
Oct 25–3116719,021
Nov 1–710514,172
Nov 8–149512,621
Nov 15–21117,965
Nov 22–28008,136
Nov 29 – Dec 5006,083
Dec 6–12006,004
Dec 13–19005,423
Dec 20–26115,661
Dec 27 – Jan 2108,459

Reported as an adult

Usually reported as an adult early May to mid-September, middle week Aug 2–8.

From 2,493 records that are marked as adults. Not every photo is marked with a life stage, so this shows when people reported it as an adult, not when adults are about.

Reported as a caterpillar

Usually reported as a caterpillar early June to mid-October, middle week Aug 16–22.

From 1,511 records that are marked as caterpillars. Not every photo is marked with a life stage, so this shows when people reported it as a caterpillar, not when caterpillars are about.

What these results show

These results show when people recorded a species, not when or where it occurs. Missing weeks and low counts do not mean absence or scarcity, and counts are not abundance. Contributed records reflect where, when and what people chose to observe.

Identification

How to identify it

Telling it apart

From what Ohio’s records show. Only what the records support is shown.

Often confused with

  • Spicebush Swallowtail Papilio troilusOften confused in Ohio: 129 identifications in Ohio named one where the other was meant
  • Eastern Tiger Swallowtail Papilio glaucusOften confused in Ohio: 53 identifications in Ohio named one where the other was meant
  • Red-spotted Admiral Limenitis arthemisOften confused in Ohio: 12 identifications in Ohio named one where the other was meant
  • Monarch Danaus (Danaus) plexippusOften confused in Ohio: 10 identifications in Ohio named one where the other was meant
  • Pipevine Swallowtail Battus philenorOften confused in Ohio: 10 identifications in Ohio named one where the other was meant

From iNaturalist’s similar-species counts, refreshed monthly: confusions in Ohio first, then worldwide. Only species with an Ohio result are listed.

When each is reported

  • All recordsUsually mid-May to early October, middle week early August · 4,109 records
  • Reported as a caterpillarUsually early June to mid-October, middle week mid-August · 1,511 records

Not every photo is marked with a sex or a sign, so these show when people reported each, not when it happens.

Land cover where it is recorded

Land coverIts recordsAll Ohio records
Developed68%49%
Farmland20%11%
Forest8%31%
Wetland2%5%
Grassland and shrub1%0.9%
Open water0.6%3%
Barren0.4%0.6%

From 2,331 records placed within 100 m, beside all Ohio records placed the same way. People record where they go, so this shows where records come from, not where the species lives. Land cover: USGS Annual NLCD, 2025 (opens in a new tab)

Finer identifications

Some Ohio records of this species were identified to a subspecies:

  • Papilio polyxenes asteriusblack swallowtailsubspecies

Every one of these records counts toward the Black Swallowtail's season above.

Why some records go further than species

Many species vary from place to place. Groups of a species that look or sound a little different, and live in different areas, can be named as subspecies. Observers and experts only identify a record that far when it shows enough detail to tell them apart. Records without that detail count at the species level.

Names: Catalogue of Life.

Sources

Where these results come from

  • Records from iNaturalist research-grade observations and expert-identified GBIF datasets, CC0, CC BY and CC BY-NC. Sources
  • Seasons use the published method and its evidence thresholds. Methods
  • See it on iNaturalist (opens in a new tab)OpenPhenology is independent and not affiliated with iNaturalist.

Records behind the Montgomery County result

190 records from 2 datasets.

To cite: the GBIF download doi:10.15468/dl.y2jkt8 (opens in a new tab).

A spreadsheet (CSV) with a link to each record, on iNaturalist or GBIF. Records whose location was hidden by the observer or the source are counted but not linked.